JNB – DHA Attenuates Inflammation and Improves Insulin Sensitivity

Oliver E, McGillicuddy FC, Harford KA, Reynolds CM, Phillips CM, Ferguson JF, Roche HM.

Source

Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, & UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Adipose tissue inflammation with immune cell recruitment plays a key role in obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR). Long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory potential; however, their individual effects on adipose IR are ill defined. We hypothesized that EPA and DHA may differentially affect macrophage-induced IR in adipocytes.

METHODS:

J774.2 macrophages pretreated with EPA or DHA (50 μM for 5 days) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml for 30 min-48 h). Cytokine secretion profiles and activation status of macrophages were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Pretreated macrophages were seeded onto transwell inserts and placed over 3T3-L1 adipocytes for 24-72 h; effects on adipocyte-macrophage cytokine cross-talk and insulin-stimulated (3)H-glucose transport into adipocytes were monitored.

RESULTS:

DHA had more potent anti-inflammatory effects relative to EPA, with marked attenuation of LPS-induced nuclear factor (NF)κB activation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α secretion in macrophages. DHA specifically enhanced anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 secretion and reduced the expression of proinflammatory M1 (F4/80(+)/CD11(+)) macrophages. Co-culture of DHA-enriched macrophages with adipocytes attenuated IL-6 and TNFα secretion while enhancing IL-10 secretion. Conditioned media (CM) from DHA-enriched macrophages attenuated adipocyte NFκB activation. Adipocytes co-cultured with DHA-enriched macrophages maintained insulin sensitivity with enhanced insulin-stimulated (3)H-glucose transport, GLUT4 translocation and preservation of insulin-receptor substrate-1 expression compared to co-culture with untreated macrophages. We confirmed that IL-10 expressed by DHA-enriched macrophages attenuates the CM-induced proinflammatory IR phenotype in adipocytes.

CONCLUSIONS:

We demonstrate an attenuated proinflammatory phenotype of DHA-pretreated macrophages, which when co-cultured with adipocytes partially preserved insulin sensitivity.

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID:

 

22137266

 

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]